Mother Goose
マザーグース(Mother Goose)とは、イギリスで何世紀にもわたって口伝えで子どもたちに伝承されてきた、英語の伝承童謡の総称です。
子守唄、なぞなぞ、数え歌、早口言葉、ナンセンス詩など様々な内容のものがあります。
必ず韻(rhyme ライム)が踏まれており、心地よいテンポと響きがあります。
英語圏では、聖書などと並ぶ文化的教養の基礎としても親しまれています。
子どもたちはマザー・グースを口ずさみながら、英語の言葉の響きや基本的な文法、単語を自然に身につけていきます。
マザー・グースは、英語圏の子どもたちが言葉を覚えるための「最初の教科書」のような役割を果たしています。
マザー・グースが英語学習に効果的な理由
• 英語特有のリズム(拍子)が身につく
英語は強弱のメリハリがはっきりした言語です。マザー・グースの歌にはこのリズムが凝縮されているため、歌うだけで英語独特の「イントネーション」や「ストレス(強音)」が自然に体得できます。
• 「韻(ライム)」で発音のルールを学ぶ
多くの歌で語尾の音が揃えられています。
例
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.
ここでは、wall(ウォール)とfall(フォール)の音が揃っています。
この「韻を踏む」感覚に繰り返し触れることで、フォニックス(文字と発音の規則)の基礎となる音の聞き分けができるようになります。
• 日常の基本単語やフレーズが詰まっている
動物の名前、数字、体のパーツ、色など、幼児期に覚えたい基本単語がたくさん登場します。また、短いフレーズの繰り返しが多いため、言葉の意味を丸ごと記憶しやすいのが特徴です。
有名なのが、以下のものです。名詞を後ろから説明するために関係代名詞のthatが繰り返し出てきて、1つの文が非常に長くなっていきます。
This is the Malt that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the Rat that ate the malt, that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the Cat, that killed the rat, that ate the malt, that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the Dog, that worried the cat, that killed the rat, that ate the malt, that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the Cow with the crumpled horn, that tossed the dog, that worried the cat, that killed the rat, that ate the malt, that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the Maiden all forlorn, that milked the cow with the crumpled horn, that tossed the dog, that worried the cat, that killed the rat, that ate the malt, that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the Man all tattered and torn, that kissed the maiden all forlorn, that milked the cow with the crumpled horn, that tossed the dog, that worried the cat, that killed the rat, that ate the malt, that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the Priest all shaven and shorn, that married the man all tattered and torn, that kissed the maiden all forlorn, that milked the cow with the crumpled horn, that tossed the dog, that worried the cat, that killed the rat, that ate the malt, that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the Cock that crowed in the morn, that waked the priest all shaven and shorn, that married the man all tattered and torn, that kissed the maiden all forlorn, that milked the cow with the crumpled horn, that tossed the dog, that worried the cat, that killed the rat, that ate the malt, that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the Farmer who sowed the corn, that kept the cock that crowed in the morn, that waked the priest all shaven and shorn, that married the man all tattered and torn, that kissed the maiden all forlorn, that milked the cow with the crumpled horn, that tossed the dog, that worried the cat, that killed the rat, that ate the malt, that lay in the house that Jack built.
わかりやすく改行すると、以下のようになります。
This is the Farmer who sowed the corn,
that kept the cock that crowed in the morn,
that waked the priest all shaven and shorn,
that married the man all tattered and torn,
that kissed the maiden all forlorn,
that milked the cow with the crumpled horn,
that tossed the dog, that worried the cat,
that killed the rat, that ate the malt,
that lay in the house that Jack built.
以下の解説動画を見て、朗読音声に合わせて一緒に音読してみると、英語のリズムを体感できます。

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